@article { author = {Sobh, Hesham and Samy, Heba Allah}, title = {ISLAMIC GEOMETRIC PATTERNS AS TIMELESS ARCHITECTURE}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1074-1088}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18946}, abstract = {Muslim architects depend on Meditation, thinking and then results in their culture and civilization which create a unique art and architecture, instead of other artists which depend on personal perception and imagination in their cathedrals and churches designs that make the difference of Islamic art rather than other visual arts. Consequently, there was no need in the mosque for apses, transepts, crypts as well as images and sculptures that played a prominent part in the diversity of Islamic geometric patterns. This designing principle, presented a new methodology for understanding and constructing complicated Islamic patterns, which generated a new perspective into the history, craft, construction and creativity of the Muslim artists.      This paper aims to present the characteristics of geometrical patterns as a digital method and point out the possibilities of mathematics of patterns which can be used to generate new depictions and applied in new areas like structure system, kinetic envelope or generate an evolution construction building on the architecture level which called "Timeless architecture."}, keywords = {Genetic Algorithms,Parametric Design,timeless architecture,digital method}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18946.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18946_30ef972c795fdf8aa97f29e160e06419.pdf} } @article { author = {محمدي عبد القادر, لميس}, title = {تأثير بعض التکنولوجيا الحديثة والذکية على العمارة الخضراء والمستدامة.}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1154-1160}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18947}, abstract = {The aim of the research is to discuss some of the most innovative techniques used in green, sustainable and environmentally friendly architecture. That is by defining green architecture and principles of sustainable design and environmental friendly architecture. Though the treatments can be applied to the green building in its elements at the architectural and urban level. Then discuss some of the innovations and industries of environmental friendly technologies of the modern applies in the world of construction, which may achieve the principles of sustainability in architecture. As well as the principles of green architecture, including the technique of manufacturing bricks with three-dimensional, lightweight panels to achieve the principles of sustainability and multi-use of polyurethane. Then discuss some of the modern technologies for the treatment of the sound in buildings, including environmentally sound wall panels for sound absorption, as well as the use of sustainable units to isolate sound. And Modern solar power plant, and a smart room temperature control device, then discuss two innovative thermal insulations, one of which is recyclable and achieves the principles of sustainability. Also discuss signal an intelligent device that measured distances with high accuracy, flexible and innovative design for furniture as well as on the intelligent application of smart devices to design rooms architecturally. Finally show the results of research and learned references.}, keywords = {العمارة المستدامة,العمارة الخضراء,التکنولوجيا الحديثة في العمارة,العمارة الصديقة للبيئة}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18947.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18947_0fcb560b04c719beedee5eae02609231.pdf} } @article { author = {المروعي, محمد}, title = {مصادر الطاقة المتجددة والتصـميم العمـراني المسـتدام}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1210-1219}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18948}, abstract = {The world today is facing many of the challenges that accompany rapid urban development. One of these challenges is the continuous consumption of traditional energy sources to achieve an convenient environment for human life. The over-using of these energy sources in urban development lead to negative impact on the natural environment, especially in urban areas. At the present time, renewable sources of energy has become one of the most important environment-friendly alternatives. Its reliability can be maximized as a substitute for traditional sources of energy by specialists in the design and construction of the urbanism. This research discuss the negative impact of excessive use traditional so urces of energy, the pros of rely on renewable energy sources in the area of urban development, the concept of sustainable urban design, principles of its realization and the most important applications in the use of renewable energy sources in urbanism. Several recommendations have been suggested to rationalize the energy consumption and reliance on renewable energy sources instead of the traditional sources of energy to maintain the Earth's environment clean healthy valid for modern human life without prejudice to the rights of future generations in a clean non-polluting healthy environment.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18948.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18948_e24447b5634c06ee07aa023363c17985.pdf} } @article { author = {Sameh, Hesham and Abd El-Aziz, Hosam and Hefnawy, Noha}, title = {BUILDING A SUCCESSFUL CITY BRANDING CASE STUDY: DUBAI}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1058-1065}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18949}, abstract = { City branding is a current topic that is important nowadays. Many cities have actively started to build and manage their city brands during the last decades. Today, cities all over the world are competing with each other for different target markets and their attention. Cities aim to increase foreign direct investment and attract visitors, businesses, employees, talent, and residents with their city brand. This ensures the growth and success of branded places. In best cases, even small villages and locations are turned in to destinations with successful place marketing and branding efforts. The objective of this paper is to find out the steps of successful city branding process, and study the branding of Dubai.}, keywords = {city branding,Brand,Place branding,Brand identity,brand image}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18949.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18949_b595ad6be237a9ca0de3b767cd857827.pdf} } @article { author = {عبد الحميد, جمال and ابو العيون, أشرف and عبد الوهاب, احمد and احمد مرسي, منال}, title = {تقييم جماليات التشکيل البصرى معماريا وعمرانيا}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1126-1153}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18951}, abstract = {The visual forming is a comprehensive concept of multiple relationships between different elements. The goal is to achieve a distinct visual image of the viewer. The  architectural sources of forming are different  which the architect quotes his ideas and trends , To translate it in the form of architectural work carries a distinctive fingerprint, The architectural elements are the mass and the space. Together with a precise visual study to manage the relationship between these two elements in order to reach a successful visual image. The parameters and elements of forming that directly affect the design of the building are different and are in the general shape of the building - transparency and porosity - The details - the texture - the materials used in the construction or finishing, so it was necessary to focus on the vocabulary of the language of visual forming to achieve the aesthetics of the formation and summed up in the" Achieving unity - stability - Achieve rhythm - axial and central - confirmation orientation - scale size. The research ended with the conclusion of the most important results and recommendations related to the formulation of evaluation foundations and criteria to determine the aesthetics of the visual forming both architecturally and urbanely.}, keywords = {التشکيل البصري –الصورة البصرية – منابع التشکيل – مفردات لغة التشکيل}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18951.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18951_998875d67c611e9bea0ac83182eebcb0.pdf} } @article { author = {سعيد عبدالمجيد, عصام}, title = {تقييم الغلاف الخارجي للمباني السکنية في مدينة نجران السعودية من منظور بيئي}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1198-1209}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18953}, abstract = {The trend towards environmental designs that contribute in reducing energy consumption and adapting to the environment is a major challenge for city planners, architects and all members of the community, so that most of the world is going to re-evaluate the current and future status of buildings and their suitability to the surrounding environment. Residential buildings in Najran are an important part of the city's built environment. The neglect of the environmental dimension in the design of the outer envelope of this type of buildings is the reason for increasing energy consumption and distortion of the visual image of buildings. The main reason for this is often incorrect decisions in handling the environmental and social aspects of this type of building. The study aims mainly at studying the design of the outer envelope of residential buildings in Najran city and its suitability to the surrounding environment in order to improve the internal environment of the residential spaces. This is done by assessing the outer envelope of these buildings environmentally and socially; to identify the most important problems faced, and to propose and evaluate treatments; to come up with a number of recommendations that will help the designer in making future decisions; in addition to providing treatments that improve the status. To achieve a better residential environment and the impact of compatibility with the environment in which they are located; Using the analytical approach and field visits through which the current situation is analyzed and evaluated}, keywords = {energy consumption,Environmental Performance,Outer Envelope – Residential Buildings- Najran}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18953.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18953_d9820a8a4dbfcb177d62dcdfdb2918f1.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Esnawi, H}, title = {VALIDITY OF SOME SHEAR STRENGTH FORMULAE FOR PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {920-929}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18954}, abstract = {In this paper, the validity of some published shear strength formulae were examined against test results. Data of 56 pre-stressed deep beams were used to evaluate the accuracy of these formulae. Tested models included S. Teng et al. model, Tan and Mansur model, and K.H.Tan et al. as well as Guo-Lin et al. modified strut and tie model. The assessment of these models indicated some models to be conservative while other overestimated the shear capacity of the tested beams. The model developed by Guo-Lin et al. was found to be in a good agreement with test results.}, keywords = {deep beams,design methods,Pre-stressed concrete,Shear Strength}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18954.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18954_be57bb9bd347a781c1df9a3f664ea33f.pdf} } @article { author = {Hilal, Khaled and Zaher, Amr and Marzouk Youssef, Hussein}, title = {"EFFECT OF SHEAR CONNECTORS DISTRIBUTION AND REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT AT GROUTING POCKETS ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN PRE-CAST CONCRETE GIRDERS AND PRE-CAST DECK PANELS"}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {823-833}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18956}, abstract = {Precast concrete decks have begun to revolutionize the bridge design industry due to their rapid constructability, reduction in overall mobilization and high quality control. According to international codes it was found that distribution of shear connectors is one of the most important factors that has an effect on the capacity of the connection. Previous research and design guidelines suggest the use of two different approaches to quantify the required interfacial shear strength, namely based on the maximum compressive forces in the flange at mid-span or the maximum shear flow at the supports. The research objectives can be summarized in evaluating  the structural behavior and load carrying capacity experimentally and analytically for precast girders and precast slabs connected through shear connectors in grouting pockets in the case of regular or concentrated shear connectors distribution at support. In addition the effect of adding horizontal rebars around the grouting pockets in the deck slab was determined. Seven composite RC T-beams with 2.00 m span were tested under static loading conditions.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18956.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18956_a1f5431f64f4612e6e0195ade90cedd2.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelmoneim, D and Mamlouk, H and El-Taher, M and Akl, S}, title = {ANALYSIS OF REPLACEMENT LAYER PROPERTIES AND ITS EFFECTS ON A TYPICAL BUILDING ON SWELLING CLAY}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {834-849}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18959}, abstract = {Extensive damage to the structures founded on expansive soils can be reduced using different techniques. Among these techniques, replacement of the expansive soil with a non-expansive soil is considered as one of the most popular. The main objective of the present work is to investigate the effectiveness of the replacement method under typical buildings. The finite element software ABAQUS was implemented in the present study in order to analyze the surface heave and the differential heave between the footings of a typical building. The present investigation considers the variation in replacement layer thickness, stiffness, and permeability. The soil-structure interaction was also considered. The present numerical results show a significant effect of the replacement soil thickness and permeability on the heave and differential heave. Reducing the replacement soil permeability results in significant reduction of the heave and the differential heave under different replacement soil thicknesses.}, keywords = {Expansive Soil,Fluid flow equation,Finite element method,replacement,Stiffness Suction}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18959.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18959_85aaac599498ba7d4e0a2aba1626b2ed.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelmoneim, D and Akl, S and Mamlouk, H and El-Taher, M}, title = {EFFECT OF SOIL WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVE (SWCC) SHAPE OF EXPANSIVE SOILS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {850-863}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18962}, abstract = {The swelling pressure induced by expansive soils is considered a valuable parameter for the design of structures resting on these soils. It must be estimated in order to prevent damage to these structures and to design safe shallow foundations. In the recent research studies, the swelling pressure of expansive soil was predicted using the soil water characteristics curve SWCC. The present work investigates the interplay of the SWCC with the swelling pressure of expansive soil. The ABAQUS software was implemented in order to perform a coupled analysis of the expansive soil behavior. Published properties of the Regina expansive soil was used in order to validate the present numerical model. The validated numerical model showed good agreement with the published data of the Regina clay. The effect of the SWCC shape on the swelling pressure was thoroughly studied. The present results show a significant effect of the SWCC shape on the swelling pressure of the expansive soils.}, keywords = {Expansive Soil,Finite Element,Soil Water Characteristic Curve,Swelling Pressure}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18962.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18962_dedf0b541d7a1e6c36bbbd33ee626576.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Bukhari, Ibrahim and Shehata, Ahmed}, title = {ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICING IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION. (SAUDI MARKET AS A CASE STUDY)}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1066-1073}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18963}, abstract = {In the era of free trade and open markets, international consultant firms started to take over the local markets. Local graduates are required to acquire certain skills and knowledge to compete in their local markets with the international graduates. Local architectural teaching institutes are required to equip their graduates with the needed skills and knowledge. Gulf construction and design market is one of the biggest markets in the world. Saudi Arabia, with its 646.44 billion Dollar GDB, considered as the biggest market in the Gulf area. The Saudi vision of 2030 concentrates on economical sustainability and developing citizens. In this regard, this research investigates the competitiveness of the Saudi educational outputs in the era of globalization and open markets. To achieve its objectives, the research analyzes the different scopes of practicing architecture specially in the design consultation field. International design firms working in the GCC counties and their required skills for positions were presented and analyzed. Moreover, educational architectural curriculums were investigated and tested against the required skills by international firms. The paper concluded with suggestions regarding to architectural programs and their curriculums that will enable Saudi graduates to fulfil the international consultation market required qualifications and skills.}, keywords = {Saudi 2030 Vision – Educational Outputs – Architectural Practice –,competitiveness}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18963.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18963_7a7ed811286360c622604d1a8935bbcb.pdf} } @article { author = {F, Hosny and A, Shaat and A, El-serwi and Y, Sayed}, title = {EFFECT OF CORRUGATION PANEL WIDTH OF COMPOSITE PLATE GIRDERS WITH CORRUGATED TRIANGULAR WEB}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {864-871}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18965}, abstract = {this paper is concerned with composite plate girders with triangular corrugated webs. Finite element analysis using the computer package ABAQUS is employed to investigate the behavior and ultimate strength capacity of the girder. Parameters that affect the behavior of these girders are slenderness of the web d/t, web panel aspect ratio b/d, width to the depth of corrugation ratio bh/h. Influence of these parameters on the collapse behavior is examined. Results are obtained in terms of ultimate strength, failure mechanism and load–deflection curves from the finite element analyses and, some typical results are presented herein.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18965.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18965_19a45ce2444da43100c2156073873ca2.pdf} } @article { author = {Gaid, Adel and Edward, Minerva and Abdallah, Khaled and Abdallah, Heba}, title = {THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SALT CONCENTRATION ON SALT REJECTION AND PERMEATE FLUX OF A VACUUM MEMBRANE DISTILL ATION UNIT USING FLAT SHEET MEMBRANE}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {872-882}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18967}, abstract = {Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) is one of the membrane distillation (MD) categories which is a technology that depends on creating a pressure difference between the two sides of a membrane using vacuum pressure on the outlet side of the membrane module. A lab-scale VMD system was constructed and operated to study the effect of temperature and salt concentration on salt rejection and permeate flux of the VMD unit with constant feed flow rate and vacuum pressure. The used membrane was a hydrophobic polyethersulfone flat sheet membrane: effective diameter 0.25 m, effective area 0.049 m2, pore size 0.2-0.4 µm and membrane thickness 120-160 µm. Permeate flux and salt rejection were measured. Results showed an increase in permeate flux from 15kg/m2.h to 25 kg/m2.h and in salt rejection from 74% to 80%with the increase in feed water temperature from 40°C to 70°C at salt concentration 5000 ppm ,flow rate 1L/m and vacuum pressure 0.4 bar and the decrease in permeate flux from 15 kg/m2.h to 6 kg/m2.h and in salt rejection from 74% to 67% with the increase in feed water salt concentration from 5000 ppm to 30000 ppm at temperature 40°C with the same flow rate and vacuum pressure.}, keywords = {VMD,HYDROPHOBIC MEMBRANE,SALT REJECTION,POLYETHERSULFONE MEMBRANE}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18967.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18967_d4b2d83f66d9be7900d7624477313bd9.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Esnawi, H}, title = {STRENGTHENING OF INTERIOR SLAB COLUMN CONNECTIONS VIA POST INSTALLED STEEL SHEAR BOLTS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {988-996}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18968}, abstract = {Flat slabs are widely used in construction operations because of their simplicity and ease. However, this type of structures can be subjected to brittle punching shear failure in the slab-column connections. Without shear reinforcement, the slab column connection can suffer brittle punching failure. In order to overcome the risk of brittle punching shear failure in the column vicinity, the use of post installed shear bolts as a transverse reinforcement is investigated in this paper. A set of six half scale reinforced concrete slab column connections were tested under monotonic concentric load. Three of the tested specimens were provided with steel shear bolts after the hardening of the concrete. Results indicated an enhanced punching strength for specimens provided with steel shear bolts. The increase in punching capacity was combined with a significant increase in both ductility and rotational capacity.}, keywords = {Slab-column connections,punching shear,Ductility,experimental,strengthening}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18968.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18968_118723b8e3e89c362df14af93ecbdb75.pdf} } @article { author = {Iskander, I and George, G and Ahmed, Sayed and Ezzeldin, E and Soliman, S and Emam, E}, title = {NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF COMBINED-SECTION STEEL COLUMNS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {813-822}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18970}, abstract = {Combined-section columns composed of two separate steel sections present an ideal and economic design for long columns subject to high values of bending moments and axial forces. Research dealing with design of these columns is currently insufficient. At present, most codes of practice consider each column’s component to behave either separately or rigidly connected to the other components. As such, the main objective of this research is to scrutinize the behaviour of laced-section columns which are subjected to eccentric loading and propose design criteria for them. In this paper, a non-linear numerical model for these columns is developed based on the finite element method. The results of the numerical model are first verified against the outcomes of experimental investigations available in literature. Then, the model is adopted to simulate the behaviour and the capacity of the combined laced columns. The numerical model includes both the geometric and materials nonlinearities along with the effect of initial imperfections.}, keywords = {Built-Up Columns,Laced Columns,Combined Steel Column,Numerical modelling}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18970.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18970_2f545989b9c8d548b8850b5368b4d594.pdf} } @article { author = {Bahr, Tarek and A, M and Hassan, H and A, A and M, A and Hemeida, H}, title = {PERFORMANCE OF DIAPHRAGM WALL IN COHESIVE SOILS UNDER STATIC AND SEISMIC LOADING CONDITIONS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {884-893}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18973}, abstract = { The extension of the underground and infrastructure projects in urban areas is often linked with the design and construction of complex geotechnical structures. Deep excavations are required to meet the demand, and in many cases, excavation sites are in close proximity to existing structures and facilities. A major concern in these excavations is to control the lateral wall deflections and the ground surface settlements. As a result, understanding and being able to predict the performance of deep excavations is an important issue for geotechnical engineers. A 3D numerical analysis can be valuable to assess the behavior of the earth-retaining structure and the surrounding soil. In this research, the main objective is to study the combined influence of the geometric configuration and the consistency of the cohesive soil on the performance of the diaphragm walls and surrounding soil under static and seismic conditions. This study comprises 3D numerical analyses performed for different configurations of deep excavation in cohesive soil supported by diaphragm wall. The results present the main impacts of the investigated parameters on the behavior of the earth-retaining structure under static and seismic conditions.}, keywords = {3D,Numerical analysis,Deep Excavation,DIAPHRAGM WALL,Seismic}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18973.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18973_855728ced6c29075df9be7377d943fcb.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammam, Akram and El-Anwar, Omar and El-Said, Moheeb}, title = {A TEXT CLASSIFICATION APPROACH FOR EVALUATION OF DELAY CLAIMS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {894-907}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18975}, abstract = {The significant rise in the complexity and scope of construction projects led by the introduction of highly advanced building systems characterizes the current construction industry. This entails a significant increase in coordination and planning and an overall change in the management culture of all project participants. On the other hand, project stakeholders are faced with an increasing demand from project owners to implement fast-track programmes to achieve an early return on investment. Consequently, claims and disputes throughout the majority of project delivery systems have surged, influenced by the project parties' inability to effectively manage the claims process. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new methodology for the automatic text classification of project delay claims documents to enhance efficiency in the management of delay claim process. The proposed model utilizes activity and Work Breakdown Structure keywords of a given delay event activity path for the training of the proposed model, which is then utilized to predict unlabeled project documents. The proposed model has been implemented on a series of delay claims events in a mega project, the implementation yielded promising results in the performance evaluation measures (precision, recall, and F1-Score) compared to similar text classification models}, keywords = {Delay Analysis,Text Mining,claims,Data mining,Naïve Bayes}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18975.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18975_4d59806440d7ca23de44cf1b73437200.pdf} } @article { author = {Hammam, Akram and El-Said, Moheeb}, title = {EXTENSION OF IFC SCHEMA IN CONSTRUCTION DELAY CLAIMS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {908-919}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18976}, abstract = {Despite the widespread implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Construction and Facilities Management, limited researches are conducted on forensic delay claims. As witnessed from several construction disputes and court cases, forensic delay claims are known to be the most complex types of claims, in which Claimants incur significant losses due to their failure to substantiate. Despite the availability of modern document control system, forensic delay claims require extensive research to assimilate event related contemporaneous project records within a limited time. This paper addresses the research gap of the application of BIM technology in the assessment of forensic claims.  It proposes a new mechanism of extending the non-proprietary Industry Foundation (IFC) Schema by dynamic property sets to integrate BIM objects with claim related attributes such as delay events and float paths and their respective project documents. The proposed methodology enhances the overall efficiency of the forensic claim process enabling the retrieval of all spatial related project documents pertaining to a specified delay event. This allows the performance of what-if scenarios for the optimum selection and substantiation of a delay claim.}, keywords = {Delay Analysis,IFC,BIM,claims}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18976.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18976_c5ef8fa801ce42f71d0223191fa02aa5.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Nagger and Abd El_Atey, Khaled and Mohammed El_Enany, Amr}, title = {ECONOMICALLY OPTIMAL DESIGN OF HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS USING HOMER AND ACO}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1016-1030}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18977}, abstract = {Today, the growing energy demand has shaped dramatic depletion of fossil fuels and unavoidable rising energy values. Furthermore, environmental effect of fossil fuel led to vital for using Renewable Energy (RE) to meet the increasing energy demand and resolve the emission problems. Irregularity and the high price of the renewable energy technologies are the key challenges of renewable energy usage. This approach presents an arranged examination for optimum pattern of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES). The optimization was appreciated through the usage of Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) program and Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms in MATLAB is existing in this study. The recommended methodology has been proven on an incident study of an HRES that includes wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) panels, natural gas generator and batteries. In conclusion, HRES design via a multi-impartial optimization source. The main purpose of the design is to promptly reduce total Net Present Cost (NPC), maximize renewable energy quotient, and decrease fuel emission. Additionally ACO algorithms not common usage in similar renewable energy studies which give advantage and make this study pioneer in this field, Also give more accurate results compared with HOMER program that shows in this paper.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18977.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18977_3834dfceef5f97dae8e27519e82c3512.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim Mansour, Ali}, title = {FAULT DETECTION IN UNDERGROUND CABLES BY USING WAVELET TECHNIQUE (WT)}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1004-1014}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18978}, abstract = { This paper describes a novel fault-detection technique of high voltage underground cables. Electric power systems have rapidly grown for the past fifty years. Speedy and precise fault location plays an important role in accelerating system restoration, reducing outage time, reducing great financial loss and significantly improving system reliability.  Therefore, this paper presents a fault detection, classification and fault location estimation method based on Discrete Wavelet Transform for medium voltage 11kV underground cable. Different faults (Lg, LLg, and LLLg) and at different locations 2km, 4km and 6km of 10km length are simulated by Mat Lab, and then certain selected features of the wavelet transformed signals are used as an input. From the results, it was found that the percentage error in wavelet Transform output is very less. Hence, it can be concluded that the proposed technique is able to offer high accuracy in both of the fault classification and fault location.  }, keywords = {Cable,Discrete,Fault. Matlab,Time Arrival,Ravelling,Sampling Period,wavelet}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18978.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18978_ae82f68644397abc2f79ae07a7d122d5.pdf} } @article { author = {Abu-Zaid, Salama}, title = {PERFORMANCE OF DOUBLY-FED INDUCTION GENERATOR BASED ON WIND TURBINE}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1110-1116}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18980}, abstract = {The doubly-fed induction generator driven by a Wind Turbine has received attention from the industrial and scientific communities, due to fixed frequency voltage from the stator windings when the rotor is driven at variable speed and excitation of power electronics converter feeding through rotor windings can be less than other types at nominal power of the generator. This paper give the design and study of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy systems, this model is proposed for the seamless operation. The control on Grid side converter (GSC) and Rotor side converter (RSC) through detailed simulation will be studied on a 1.5-MW wind generator.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18980.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18980_141c0410c36f1b7400dd925c9150abb2.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Alela, Salama}, title = {DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1118-1124}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18981}, abstract = {Renewable energy sources have attracted wide attention due to their advantages of being abundant in nature and nearly non-polluting. Hybrid renewable energy system is the combination of two or more energy sources, one of the most feasible and reliable Grid connected renewable energy systems are the hybrid wind-solar sources. An optimization of hybrid wind-solar system is the process of selecting suitable components, design and control strategy to provide efficient, reliable and cost effective alternative energy. This paper presents the design of an optimized hybrid wind-solar energy system with high performance power generation of hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) and a large capacity doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy system. The proposed scheme uses both the grid side converter (GSC) and rotor-side converter (RSC) of DFIG to inject PV power to the grid. This proposed scheme provides an elegant and economic integration of PV source and DFIG-based wind energy source. The PV solar is connected directly to the dc-link. A nonlinear control is applied to extract Maximum Power from the PV under variable operating conditions. The proposed scheme does not hamper MPPT of PV and wind sources except during very rarely occurring environmental glitches, which the PV power control algorithm is suitably geared to handle using an artificial neural network (ANN).}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18981.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18981_9a7efd4424d0ddcb1196ee3ec469be24.pdf} } @article { author = {Abu Alnagah, M and El-Refaie, M and Rabie, M}, title = {ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SERIES HYDRAULIC HYBRID VEHICLE}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {930-945}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18982}, abstract = {High Stopping frequency of heavy vehicles such as refuse trucks produces a large amount of energy which is generated by driving engine during vehicle acceleration. Most of this energy is wasted in form of heat to the environment when the vehicle brakes. This wasted energy normally lost during braking is significant especially in repeated stopping vehicles. This research presents a concept for the hydraulic hybrid system design using automation studio software to build the suggested hydraulic circuit. The classical mechanical traction in traditional vehicle can be replaced by this system without lowering vehicle performance and other satisfaction criteria in addition to achieving the main target from hybridization; regenerate energy which is always lost during vehicle braking and reuse to accelerate it again. It also includes the hydro- mechanical system architecture (which is called SHHS) and its component specification after changes in traditional vehicle structure. The switching matrix for control unit also illustrated. In this paper, the dynamics model for the SHHS (Series hydraulic hybrid vehicle) is constructed by MATLAB/SIMULINK package. The vehicle performance is investigated during various modes of operation at different condition.  }, keywords = {Hybrid vehicle,Series hydraulic hybrid system,MATLAB/SIMULINK,automation studio,energy regeneration,accumulator}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18982.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18982_b5c0dd209bff67224b5d81eb1e1b1330.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Mohamed and Attia, Taiser and Abd El-Wahab, Ayman}, title = {EFFECT OF ADDING BANANA PSEUDO STEM (BPS) ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ABS COMPOSITES}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1090-1098}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18983}, abstract = { BPS was used as reinforcement fibers in ABS matrix. Banana fibers were pretreated by using Sodium hydroxide solution with 5% concentration for 24 hours in order to enhance the adhesion interface between banana fibers and ABS Matrix. ABS/BPS composites were prepared at 0, 10, 20 and 30 wt% banana fibers. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and impact toughness for BPS/ABS composites at 0, 10, 20, 30 % fiber weight percentage were studied. The SEM observation for fracture surfaces was investigated. The thermal stability of the composites is studied using TGA test.  }, keywords = {BPS/ABS composite,NaOH,UTS,impact toughness,SEM,TGA,Thermal stability}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18983.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18983_5cd8037935c23f0bd1620d738b426863.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, S}, title = {MICROSTRUCTURE OF A356 AND AA7075 POURED BY COOLING SLOPE CASTING AT DIFFERENT POURING TEMPERATURES.}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {958-970}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18984}, abstract = {Semisolid metal processing (SSMP) is a technology that involves the formation of metal alloys between solidus and liquidus temperatures. For the step to operate successfully, the microstructure of the starting material consist of solid near-globular grains surrounded by a liquid matrix and a wide solidus-to-liquidus transition area. Thus the process of SSMP relies on the thixotropic behavior of alloys with a spheroidal rather than a dendritic microstructure in semisolid state. Now, this process is industrially successful, generating a variety of products with high quality parts in many industrial sectors. This technology promises advantages over conventional metal forming technologies. Aluminum alloys are among the most prominent and well-known materials used in the mechanical construction and automotive industries. In this investigation, effect of pouring temperature and the type of the materials poured was studied. Molten A356 and AA7075 alloys with temperatures of 620 °C, 640 °C and 660 °C was poured on the surface of inclined plates then casting in the mould.}, keywords = {Cooling slope Casting (CSC),Semi-Solid metal Processing (SSMP),Microstructure of Aluminum Alloys}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18984.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18984_2e191959103d46f2c34dd05f3b11a062.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, S and Gad, M}, title = {EFFECT OF FRICTION STIR WELDING PARAMETERS ON MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF AA7020-O BASED ON TAGUCHI DOE APPROACH}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {972-987}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18985}, abstract = {In the present study, Taguchi approach for experiment design was utilized, through an orthogonal array of L9 (33), to investigate the effect of friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters, and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructural characteristics and corrosion behavior of the nugget zone (NZ) of the FS welded joints and the base metal (BM) samples of AA7020-O. Microstructural characteristics were investigated through grains size (GS) and aspect ratio (AR) of α-Al grains. Corrosion behavior was studied by potentiodynamic              polarization test and static immersion in 3.5 % NaCl solution at room temperature. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that, the GS at center of the NZ is directly statistically significant affected by increasing the tool rotational speed and by changing the PWHT state from the as weld (AW) state to T4 or T6 tempers, while, the AS is directly statistically significant affected by increasing the tool rotational speed, and, it is inversely statistically significant affected by increasing the welding speed. Moreover, the corrosion rate (CR) is found to be directly statistically significant affected by changing the PWHT state from the AW state to T4 or T6 tempers, while, it is inversely statistically significant affected by increasing the tool rotational speed. Nevertheless, As compared to BM samples, FSW has highly decreased the CR in the NZ, for T4 and T6 tempers, while it is of comparable values in AW state. The percentage contribution (PC) of each factor is also determined. Key words: FSW, Processing Parameters, PWHT, Taguchi, Microstructure, Corrosion Behavior, Potentiodynamic Polarization, Corrosion Rate.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18985.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18985_de266d1c8ea914728d73cb9a4e743ff4.pdf} } @article { author = {Saber, D}, title = {IMPROVEMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A356-AL2O3 CAST COMPOSITES BY HEAT-TREATMENT}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {998-1003}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18986}, abstract = {Metal matrix composites have better mechanical and tribological properties compared to the matrix materials.This study presents effect of heat-treatment on hardness and tribological properties of A356 aluminum alloy reinforced with different weight fractions of Al2O3 particles. Metal matrix composites were fabricated by stir casting method. The sliding wear test was carried using Pin-on-Disc apparatus at a constant sliding speed of 1m/s and load of 30 N. Wear resistance of A356 alloy and its composites was improved after heat treatment with improving ratio between 14-17.3% as compared to as cast conditions. The heat treated test specimens also resulted in marked improvements in hardness as compared with these materials in the as-cast condition.  }, keywords = {tribological properties,A356 alloy,Metal Matrix Composites,Heat-treatment,hardness}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18986.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18986_4f3fc1a8dc2cd918ec68cfd2fdcd4cd0.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Said and El-Ghetany, H and Shabak, G}, title = {MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR A SOLAR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM IN EGYPT}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {946-957}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18987}, abstract = {Solar water pumping systems are the ideal energy provider solution especially in rural and isolated areas where the traditional sources of power (electricity or diesel) are unavailable or very costly. It is available with abundant quantities of daily falling solar radiation of about 5.5 kWh/m2/day and considered a clean source of energy. The present work provides a mathematical model and performance evaluation of a solar water pumping system for different water demands through a comprehensive design tool simulation program prepared and designed by the authors. The simulated results can provide for the studied water demand range, the corresponding pump electric power for the desired total dynamic head, the required PV peak power, its related area requirements, and the corresponding total cost of the system components in Euro. The present research is a good accurate quick tool for designers, users, and buyers of such systems.}, keywords = {mathematical model,Solar,water pumping system,water demand,Efficiency,PV sizing}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18987.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18987_20a9b79cb19a90fbf3c4360ace6f4415.pdf} } @article { author = {Attia, H and Farghaly, M and Ramadan, A and Saleh, A and Abdel Khalek, M}, title = {TREATMENT OF PAPER INDUSTRY WASTEWATER}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1032-1041}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18988}, abstract = {A wastewater of paper industry was treated using two different hydrocyclones (48 mm, and 73 mm) followed by Electro-coagulation (EC) process as a second stage to enhance the treatment process. The effect of design and operating parameters on the separation efficiency was investigated. Separation efficiency of 77 % can be obtained for both hydrocyclones.  The treatment process has a great potential to reduce the COD, BOD, TS, TSS, color and turbidity.}, keywords = {Hydrocyclone,Industrial Wastewater,Paper Industry,Wastewater}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18988.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18988_00555ce6c8b14e951847ef8c96f41e6f.pdf} } @article { author = {Farag, Mohammed and Kh, Moatasem and Atlam, A and Omran, A}, title = {CHARACTERIZATION OF AL-SI-NI TERNARY ALLOY SYNTHESIS FROM REDUCTION OF SODIUM-FLUOSILICATE AND NICKEL OXIDE}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1100-1108}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18989}, abstract = {A new Al-Si-Ni high-temperature processed alloy has been obtained using sodium fluosilicate as a source of Si and nickel oxide as a source of Ni. Throughout the study, we tested the optimum parameters affecting the preparation of Al-Si-Ni ternary alloy;   bath temperature, Na2SiF6/Altotal w.t ratio, Ni2O3/Altotal and reaction time. The optimum processing parameters are; temperature 950oC, Na2SiF6/Altotal wt. ratio is 1, Ni2O3/Altotal wt. ratio is 0.082 and reaction time is 25 min. Some tests such as chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and microstructure examination were carried out on the produced alloys. The obtained results indicate that the produced alloys containing up to 10.75% Si and 2.86 Ni in the form of Al3Ni. The presence of eutectic Si and eutectic Al3Ni could form interconnected system and it can be used as high-performance alloys at elevated temperature.}, keywords = {words: High temperature alloys,Sodium fluosilicate,Al-Si-Ni ternary alloy,Nickel oxide}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18989.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18989_9c767f77690d920ff8a0f6a38b33d76d.pdf} } @article { author = {يوسف, طارق and أبوبکر, خالد}, title = {الحفاظ والاستدامة للحدائق والمنتزهات التراثية في إطار المنظومة التشريعية "دراسة حالة حديقة الأزبکية بالقاهرة"}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1162-1182}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18990}, abstract = {Under the compatibility of legislative system with laws and regulations of construction in Egypt and within an implementing regulations we find that they are deficient, As it's legislative clauses Lacks a comprehensive vision of the sustainability perspective in the protection and rehabilitation of the heritage gardens and parks which led to a variable reflection on the heritage and the cultural properties of the environment, As a result, many of negatives and deficiencies occurred and increasing in the rate of deterioration as well as other laws relevant to the protection of those parks as one of the cultural heritage, The researcher believes that it is the result of that legislative system which is concerned with the protection and rehabilitation of the heritage gardens and parks, And the perspective of sustainability and rehabilitation of the gardens and parks and it's protection as one of the cultural heritage to improve the urban environment of heritage areas will be greatly affected as a result of variables at hand which represented by releasing of the urban planning , cultural coordination, organization of construction work and preservation of real estate fortune issued under law no 119 of 2008,which includes the applicability of this law at all the planning entities including cities, villages and areas of heritage value.  Studies on urban development plans in Egypt over the past years also indicate many of negative phenomena, which has affected urban and natural environment of the heritage gardens and parks. The research aims to identify shortcomings in the legislations and urbanization frameworks regarding the protection of one of cultural heritage " the heritage gardens and parks " and showing their impact on the properties of urban and natural environment and the impact of construction requirements and guidelines on sustainability and activate the protection and rehabilitation of those heritage components, Right up to formulation of the most important conclusions and recommendations which emphasizes that the inclusion of the heritage gardens and parks under the legislative frameworks and conservation laws to achieve sustainability and it works to improve the quality of life in general and the revitalization of heritage parks in particular. We, today, are doing every effort to revive the radiation through making use of the garden designs adopted from the roots and developed by modern creativity.}, keywords = {Sustainability,heritage gardens and parks,legislation and guidelines}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18990.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18990_32eb3d9a3d4a02988303313d2dab2f49.pdf} } @article { author = {يوسف, طارق and العراقى, محمد}, title = {ديناميکية تآکل الأراضي الزراعية وإجهاض التنمية المستدامة بمصر في ظل الاحتدام السياسي}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1184-1196}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18991}, abstract = {Under the pressure of the current political conflict, and the Dynamic increasing of the failure of sustainable development in Egypt, and the degradation of agricultural land , and under the continuation of the cancer of random urban growth , And the consequent economic decline and , the low level of human behavior in urban and rural environments, as a result of the succession of governments in a short time with conflicting agendas , the final result would be Resources depletion and the deterioration of regional and international relations,  it turned into a very serious problem , so It became a duty to stop the failure of sustainable development , Otherwise resources will decay and  fortune will be less , from this critical situation It becomes clear the need to reach a political stability and an end to the public rage , this will achieve the firmness of sustainable development and reduce the repeatedly failure of it and maintains the gains of the revolution , So this thesis aims to stop urbanization of agricultural land Through the inevitability need to open a new development areas and axes as a basic pillar and visions for the future of sustainable urbanization in Egypt represented in: • The development of the Suez Canal axis: The establishment of logistical areas to contribute to raising of the competitiveness of global trade and increase national income. • activating the development and reconstruction passage in various development sectors to reduce the erosion of agricultural land in the valley and delta. • The development of the Sinai Peninsula region: Through the optimal use of the wealth of natural ingredients and investment opportunities available in this unique geographical location.  And according to the inflation of this case on various local and regional levels and as a part of the research study sequence:-  It has been reached to some of the results and the formulation of a number of recommendations Proving that the continuing political rage and the conflict of intellectual and ideological agendas Increases the failure of development repeatedly and affects the national economy rates As The activation of targeted development axes reduces of the degradation of agricultural land and also helps to sustain the future development and achieve national identity, in various urban, economic and environmental sectors.}, keywords = {Agricultural Land Degradation,Development Obstruction,Sustainability,political conflict}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18991.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18991_5dcb09d23025ca28af6f67c4e7a70b86.pdf} } @article { author = {Salama, Hatem and Salama, Gouda and Badran, Khaled and Zaki, Mohamed}, title = {ANMS: DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A MANET SIMULATOR FOR DIVERSIFIED ATTACKS}, journal = {Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector}, volume = {13}, number = {48}, pages = {1042-1056}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University; Faculty of Engineering}, issn = {1687-8418}, eissn = {3009-7622}, doi = {10.21608/auej.2018.18992}, abstract = {In this paper as-Application Needs MANET Simulator (ANMS) is presented as a novel unique simulator that can simulate equally the two attack types. The underlying simulator consists of two levels, one for each attack type. ANMS is two-fold to cover MANET diversified attacks and it has been built up using a Unified Modeling Language (UML). Its construction starts by emphasizing the use cases [i.e. the sequential relation between the server data and the clients broadcast]. Consequently, the class diagram is built up. Each class contains its public, private member and methods, while the relations between classes express their message handling. Eventually ANMS is coded and developed. ANMS works by feeding it by MANET-under-consideration. Then the first part that embeds the Byzantine oriented consensus simulation shows whether there is a Byzantine attack. If no Byzantine attacks it announces success otherwise it announces suspected. The suspected cases are categorized to false failure, true failure or attack/malicious. The last cases are examined using the second part of ANMS (typical intrusions part) to classify the underlying attack. ANMS is subject to tremendous amount of tests. Those tests include performance evaluation, comparisons and confusion matrix. The experimental performance of ANMS confirms the fact that, it is really needed for MANETs administration and their security measurements.}, keywords = {Byzantine Attack,Consensus Algorithm,MANET Attacks,Use Cases,Class Diagram,Decision Tree}, url = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18992.html}, eprint = {https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18992_82985fda7353a1014e7bbbb4eb5ee998.pdf} }