ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE POTENTIAL OF RESIDENTIAL ENERGY STANDARDS IN EGYPT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH THE CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES
Building energy standards are the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design and construction for new and renovated residential and commercial buildings. Standards can have a major role in enhancing the thermal behavior of the building by providing the appropriate guidelines and recommendations for each particular community. This was the motivation in issuing the Egyptian Energy Code for Residential Buildings (EECRB) which were presented by Housing and Building National Research Centre in Egypt (HBNRC) in 2006. These standards relied on valuable studies carried out by the center in 2000, aiming to achieve a better performance and thermal comfort for the occupiers. However, materials and recommendations for these standards did not enter the framework of implementation so far. Articles of the Egyptian Construction Law issued in 2008 did not include any clause or reference to these standards, as the building regulations for new communities did mention neither materials nor recommendations of Egyptian energy standards. Can Egyptian energy standards help to maintain a quality indoor environment for residential buildings for existing and new urban communities is the question this study seeks to address. This study explores the current situation, with a preliminary analysis of how the (EECRB) may not be able to deliver its ‘sustainable energy standards’ goals due to the ways in which ‘thermal behavior and building performance’ are assessed and how they behave in real world situations. A comparative study with the Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) in the UK has been done. The study demonstrates that further research, policy changes and practical improvements are needed to deliver sustainable energy for existing and new urban communities. More comprehensive guidelines should be given to designers to ensure the delivery of sustainable buildings is not hampered whilst also failing to meet energy standard goals.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18554_d4cfd5ef3acf8396d4e979311e29f7e0.pdf
2018-10-01
1608
1616
10.21608/auej.2018.18554
Energy standards
Energy-efficient design
Building code
Residential Buildings
Sustainablebuildings
Wael
Wael Sheta
1
Architecture Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
رؤية تحليلية للأمن المادي للمباني الشرطية في مصر من الواجهة المعمارية
With the Egyptian ministry of Interior tightening the security procedures of the police buildings and exaggerating the design of these buildings physical security elements, the main features of cities and the urban nature of them were distorted; in addition the Ministry of Interior incurred heavy costs for insurance. Because the general impression is the low level of police buildings physical security, the familiar view of the mental image is typical and repetitive; this research came to analyze the physical security elements of those buildings in an attempt to change the philosophy of physical insurance for police buildings in Egypt.
The research followed the comparative analytical approach in analyzing the physical security elements of local and international police buildings in accordance with the different variables surrounding each building, to identiy the various alternatives of the physical security elements and to prove that the physical security of police buildings in Egypt is not optimal and that they are just rigid templates apply standard criteria.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18886_7d1166701334928f9c7a97a49a419b0e.pdf
2018-10-01
1413
1422
10.21608/auej.2018.18886
محمود
السيد عوض
1
الإدارة العامة للشئون الهندسية بوزارة الداخلية
AUTHOR
تامر
مرعي
2
قسم التصميمات المعمارية و والإنشـائية بوزارة الداخليـة
AUTHOR
محمد
عاشور
3
قسم الهندسة المعمارية - کلية الهندسة_ جامعة عين شمس
AUTHOR
ليلي
خضير
4
قسم الهندسة المعمارية - کلية الهندسة_ جامعة عين شمس
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تطبيقات تقنية النانو في تشطيبات الواجهات و تأثيرها علي التشکيل
يشهد العالم تغييرا شاملا لجميع أنماط الحياة نتيجة النانو تکنولوجي و التي أحدثت ثورة في مجال مواد التشطيب فأصبحت أحد الأدوات المهمة للمعماري في مبانيه لتحقيق أفکاره في الأداء الوظيفي علي أن تکون مناسبة للبيئة المحلية و وسيلة لتحقيق تشکيل معماري متميز للمبني فمواد التشطيب لم تعد مجرد تکسية لها دور ثانوي مما يؤثر علي أحد الصور البصرية للمدينة و هي المباني الإدارية و بخاصة أنه يتم بناء العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة في مصر منذ 2015
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18887_195d6943b70be215c74a887771658d65.pdf
2018-10-01
1453
1469
10.21608/auej.2018.18887
النانو تکنولوجي – تشطيبات الواجهات – الصورة البصرية – المباني الإدارية – الوظيفة – مقاييس النانو
إسماعيل
عامر
1
قسم العمارة -کلية الفنون الجميلة – جامعة المنيا
AUTHOR
أحمد
جابر
2
قسم العمارة -کلية الفنون الجميلة – جامعة المنيا
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
أثر تطبيق تقنيات التبريد السالب فى تحسين الأداء الحرارى للقرى السياحية؛ "دراسة حالة فراغ داخلى فى إحدى القرى السياحية بمدينة بورسعيد"
The facilities of the existing tourist villages in Port Said have been affected by the problem of rising temperatures. They resorted to artificial ventilation devices such as air conditioners and fans to achieve thermal comfort in their internal spaces. This resulted in increased energy consumption in these facilities. Which requires solving the problem of rising temperatures without resorting to artificial ventilation, by using environmental treatments that correspond to the situation focused on the outside of the building. The research aims to improve the thermal performance of the outer shell of the building, and thus reflected on the interior spaces and achieve thermal comfort, and taking into account the rational consumption of energy, and will therefore resort to the techniques of cooling negative.
The negative cooling techniques of the exterior of the building are traditional environmental treatments and modern environmental treatments. These treatments address the three main components of the building's outer shell: windows, exterior walls and the surface. The treatment of these elements is based on the use of modern high-performance thermal building materials that reduce the occurrence of heat transfer. Some types of environmental treatments will be reviewed for the three components of the external casing in the research. The aim of these treatments is to reach the required thermal comfort level.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18891_90afb91fc8b39d6479417cc140a5bace.pdf
2018-11-13
1485
1492
10.21608/auej.2018.18891
القرى السياحية
ترشيد استهلاک الطاقة
الراحة الحرارية
تقنيات التبريد السالب
تحسين الأداء الحرارى
بسنت
على محمود
1
قسم هندسة العمارة – کلية الهندسة – جامعة عين شمس
AUTHOR
مراد
عبد المحسن
2
قسم هندسة العمارة – کلية الهندسة – جامعة عين شمس
AUTHOR
أمل
شمس الدين
3
قسم هندسة العمارة – کلية الهندسة – جامعة عين شمس
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
التوفيق بين الحفاظ والإستثمار لمواقع التراث العمرانى ( الواقع والتحديات )
The urban heritage of the Arab countries represents a valuable national architectural and cultural wealth that connects the society of these Countries in the modern age with their historical roots. It is an important economic resource in the field of investment not only at the local level, but also at the international level. Conservation of this heritage and investment in it are therefore one of the most important economic basis for the sustainable development process. The problem of the Heritage investment is one of the most serious issues that face the heritage locations in most Arab countries that contain similar heritage locations. Investment operations in heritage areas are a process that requires communication and existence of new visions. This occurs as a result of the rapid local and regional changes in the comprehensive development process that takes place in those environments and their surrounding areas due to the factor of time and human change. Heritage preservation and investment projects are one of the most complicated operational processes because of the existence of a set of determinants and criteria that depend on the compatibility between conservation objectives and the change associated with the continuity of the heritage effective marketing. Such relation should be established in a way that works to flourish and preserve the heritage from extinction, and at the same time achieve the desired economic return on investment.
Therefore, The study discusses the negative effects of dealing with the urban heritage sites, which can be seen in the separation between the conservation policies and the activation of the investment criteria and the economic aspects that in turn represent the economic and social benefit of the heritage zone. Based on the interest on the preservation and protection of the urban heritage and the activation of its role in sustainable development programs, the study focuses on the role of the urban heritage investment and its economic returns on the sustainability of the urban heritage sites through the idea of reconciling between conservation and investment. The study highlights the economic importance of urban heritage. It defines the investment programs and methods and the probable source of funding. The study applied to one of the most important and oldest historical heritage areas in the historic Cairo (Al-Darb El-Ahmar) as a case study. It is also one of the suitable heritage areas for Investment due to its urban heritage elements and its historical and strategic location. The study monitors and describes the current situation and identifies the most important lessons learned from this case study. It also determines the investment considerations and their economic impact on the region. Moreover, it summarizes the lessons learned from some international cases. Accordingly, the study formulates a sustainable future vision and methodology that helps to invest in the heritage areas and conserve them at the same time. The developed vision and methodology can be applied in the urban heritage areas in Egypt and the Arab Countries. Finally, the study results emphasize the importance of the urban heritage investment. Investigations of the local and international practices can be considered a guide for the current and future studies. They also help in the formulation of the methodologies and the establishment of the conservation policies and investment systems and economic aspects to ensure the continuity of the prosperity of the urban heritage sites.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18893_7804cc50c494703f1597c65f89639714.pdf
2018-10-01
1503
1527
10.21608/auej.2018.18893
Urban Heritage-Investment
economy
Sustainability of urban heritage Sites.-
هاني
سَالم أحمد
1
قسم الهندسة المعمارية – کلية الهندسة – جامعة الأزهر – القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
نمذجة معلومات البناء (BIM) والعمارة الخضراء (دراسة لاستخدام برنامج Design Builder کأحد برامج البيم الخضراء (Green BIM) في عمل محاکاة لمبنى سکنى بالتجمع الخامس)
Green and sustainable buildings are considered the most prevalent topics in architecture and design field according to their importance in preserving the natural environment and minimizing the damage caused by building construction leadership. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Green Building Information Modeling (Green BIM) have been emerged for ease of handling of the building in different phases such as: design, implementation, occupancy and maintenance, as well as complete visualization of the building's components and its impact on the surrounding natural environment. Also BOQ schedules, schedules of specifications and time schedule of the project, which ensures the speed of implementation and the lack of errors and damage in the implementation phase and ease of maintenance process in the occupancy phase. The purpose of this research is to review the concept of green and sustainable architecture and its Building Information Modeling (BIM) to ensure the efficiency and design of the building and its suitability in the design. Also study the Design Builder Program as one of the Green BIM programs in the simulation of a residential building to study Energy Consumption - CO2 emission rate – Thermal Comfort. The methodology includes reviewing the literature for sustainable and green architecture and Building Information Modeling (BIM) programs in addition to a practical study of a Residential unit to study its effect on the surrounding environment in terms of energy consumption rate - thermal comfort - the rate of CO2 emissions.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18894_1ea4980c349c02c7a091114a3ea28847.pdf
2018-11-13
1563
1571
10.21608/auej.2018.18894
Green Buildings
Sustainability
Building information Modeling (BIM)
تامر
رفعت
1
قسم العمارة، المعهد الکندى العالى لتکنولوجيا الهندسة والأدارة ، التجمع الخامس، القاهرة الجديدة، القاهرة، مصر،
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
نحو إستراتيجية فعالة للارتقاء بالمناطق العشوائية المقبولة عمرانيا وذلک فى إطار التنمية المستدامة
The issue of slum housing is one of the most important and most pressing issues in Egypt and the whole world because of its social, economic, environmental and security implications for the security and stability of the whole society. Egypt is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of the number of slums and degraded areas, Therefore, it is necessary to find urgent and effective solutions to address these problems resulting from this phenomenon and reduce them, and this research contributes to the development of a general strategy through which to achieve the advancement and sustainable development of these communities.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18896_e8ae1094b4f9a20d8bccac9d10c73d68.pdf
2018-10-01
1493
1502
10.21608/auej.2018.18896
العشوائيات – العشوائيات المقبولة عمرانيا
مشروعات الإرتقاء
التنمية المستدامة الإرتقاء المستدام
سارة
السيد الجوهرى
1
قسم العمارة – المعهد العالى للهندسة بأکاديمية الشروق– مصر.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تقييم دور مسارات حرکة المشاة في المدينة المصرية - حالة دراسة القاهرة الجديدة
The paths of pedestrian traffic within the urban blocks are one of the most important elements that make better connections, facilitate life and enhance its quality. There are planning and design criteria for those tracks. When we analyze pedestrian traffic in one of the distinctive cities, and the prices of buildings and land which are the highest on the level of the old neighborhoods in Cairo and new cities, we find clear deficiencies in the planning and designs of the paths and also in their implementation and maintenance. There is no separation of these paths from automotive movement; they are only parallel pavements with inappropriate widths, all of which have been attacked by the residents. After the review of the design of the pedestrian paths of the new residential communities in New Cairo, the diversity of these paths connecting all the elements of the residential group is clear, with complete separation from the automotive movement that has parking places allocated for it. Thus, it was possible to communicate with the green spaces between the blocks in a wonderful way that allows everyone and especially children to move freely and safely. The research includes the conceptualization of these ideas to separate the automotive paths from pedestrian paths in the residential groups in the new cities, supporting the pedestrian movement, rationalization of energy, and the organization of the external spaces in a way that helps achieve a high quality of life.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18898_e1e6abc6ec63ec97058da1a9742a5580.pdf
2018-10-01
1471
1483
10.21608/auej.2018.18898
خالد
فجال
1
قسم العمارة – کلية الهندسة جامعة المنيـا – عميد معهد الجيزة العالي للهندسة والتکنولوجيا
AUTHOR
عمر
قرني محمد إسماعيل
2
قسم العمارة – کلية الهندسة – جامعة المنيا
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
نمذجة معلومات البناء BIM و دورها فى تطوير عملية التصميم المعمارى والبناء.
- Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most advanced developments in engineering, The second generation of modeling tools is the result of decades of research and development, A virtual model, one or more, is created to support the design process throughout its stages, It is a simulated for the reality of the real project, BIM modeling is created to simulate building design, construction and management, Which will improve performance beside calculate cost while not wasting time, The feasibility of using BIM is to adopt a more efficient design of buildings by collecting and using building information and data to improve its characteristics such as insulation, ventilation, lighting and all mechanical systems in the building. This technique originated from the development of 2D software such as CAD systems, with the rapid development and addition of the time factor, calculation of quantities of materials , cost and the management of the building facilities during the life cycle turn to 3D programs, up to XD development, which is reflected directly On design, construction and post occupancy. One of the most important areas for using BIM modeling is the detection of design errors and conflicts before construction and to processed off-site (pre-processing) elements by accurate digital representation of these elements.In the operational phase, BIM modeling can be integrated with BMS systems to monitor building performance in smart buildings, for example, intelligent control of electricity, water and other applications, thereby improving building performance. The stages of using the BIM building information models are in eight stages, starting with initial ideas, design, implementation, details, analysis, etc., and finally the operation and maintenance models.
- Types of BIM building information models, according to their use, including project site design models, architectural drawings, structural drawings, mechanical, electrical, sanitary, building fixtures, and complementary elements. BIM tools have been developed to integrate most data with the design and access model to identify and control loss of energy in the building, which helps improve sustainable design in the building.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18901_04726b29277bbb44a93d693272db7b66.pdf
2018-10-01
1573
1592
10.21608/auej.2018.18901
نمذجة معلومات البناء Building Information System (BIM) معالجة البيانات Data processing
صناعة البناء Construction industry المحاکاة بالحاسب الآلى Computer simulation إدارة المبنىmanagement Building- التمثيل الرقمي Digital Representation
أحمد
محمود أحمد
1
قسم الهندسة المعمارية - بمعهد القاهرة العالى للهندسة وعلوم الحاسب والإدارة - القاهرة الجديدة- القاهرة جمهورية مصر العربية
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
دراسة تأثير تقنيات النانو على مواد البناء وانعکاسها على العمارة أحمد حنفى محمود أحمد
Nanotechnology has dominated various aspects of life in this age, especially architecture , It is the most promising technology in the field of architecture, It offers a variety of trends in the manufacture of new materials and modified materials after improving their properties, whether in construction materials or non-structural or coating materials, insulation and lighting, It also provides architecture with new systems that narrow the gap between the evolution of modern design methodologies resulting in complex forms and the methods available in the implementation of these forms and complex configurations, Which means that the design process is affected by nanotechnology, It also gave architecture multiple possibilities to form an architectural product that is interacting with the environment through the use of improved building materials such as glass, concrete, etc.
- Therefore, the study of the integration of nanotechnology and architecture increases the level of building performance, Development in this area can lead to the removal of the boundary between the building and the external environment, The casing of the building serves as a data-gathering interface that responds to the stimulus and external influences and adapts them through interaction with different levels of intelligence and responsiveness, The building envelope can also be transformed from one shape to another, from a fixed system to a dynamic one.
- The research deals with the development of nanotechnology and its impact on architecture, and its advanced properties of construction systems and various construction materials, whether concrete, steel, wood derivatives, or various cladding materials, Using digital processing, a new approach to the design and manufacture of building casings can be introduced by controlling the mechanical and physical properties of building materials at the scale of their nanoscale structures and their atomic composition To obtain new materials that are more efficient and effective than the less effective original materials. These new technologies allow buildings to create a dynamic relationship between the building and surrounding environmental factors such as heat, humidity, light, sound and wind, by modifying the performance and behavior of materials and even their form to ensure environmental control and energy saving strategies.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18903_f9cfa39fb1a5eb15e9dc46421afaf00d.pdf
2018-10-01
1593
1607
10.21608/auej.2018.18903
تکنولوجيا النانو nanotechnology
عمارة النانو nano architecture
مواد النانو nanomaterial
أحمد
محمود أحمد
1
قسم الهندسة المعمارية بمعهد القاهرة العالي للهندسة وعلوم الحاسب والإدارة - القاهرة الجديدة -القاهرة جمهورية مصر العربية
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING CASE STUDY: ALEX-WEST COMPOUND, ALEXANDRIA
Planning new sustainable neighborhoods is essential to achieve environmentally friendly, economically vibrant, culturally meaningful cities. Building new communities that are physically and socially sustainable is a challenge when resolving the city’s housing crisis and avoiding problems.
These new communities that are physically and socially sustainable to resolve the communities’ housing and environmental degradation , problems of poverty,and insecurity. Moreover, there are other challenges for planning the sustainable neighborhoods. Sustainable urban planning plays an important role in achieving sustainable growth and development by integrating sustainable development principles in urban planning strategies.However, sustainable urban development of neighborhoods is important to achieve the goals of environmental improvements through the development of land use, transportation, housing, energy efficiency, economic development, and public health.
Based on the literature review ,the environmental aspects of urban development strategies are deduced to help neighborhoods achieve the sustainable goals studied . Then by analyzing international and local case studies the paper concludes guidelines to be applied in planning sustainable neighborhoods.
Finally, the design guidelines for sustainable neighborhood planning are deduced and applied on Alex west an existing residential neighborhood in Alexandria, some of the guidelines are applied in the chosen neighborhood.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18905_a49f15bd358bb6093b436fff8a158dd2.pdf
2018-10-01
1360
1379
10.21608/auej.2018.18905
Sustainable planning
sustainable neighborhoods
environmental aspects
Gihan
Mossad
1
Architecture & Urban Design, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yasser
Farghali
2
Architecture & Urban Design, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nermine
Hany
3
Architecture & Urban Design, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nardine
Rizk
4
Architecture & Urban Design, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
البحث العلمي المعماري ودوره في حل مشکلات الهوية المعمارية ونقل تکنولوجيا البناء والإسکان اللارسمي (خلال النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين)
The aim of architectural research is to develop architectural knowledge, uncover the most important problems and work to solve them, as well as address development issues related to architecture, Architectural scientific research is an important activity and a supporter of professional practice and one of the factors affecting the features of the scientific studies that help to make the right decisions, It also works to formulate the intellectual construction of the architectural society as a whole and architectural in particular to reach an architectural product that meets the needs of the community and the architectural environment.
The present study investigates the relationship between architectural research (MA and PhD) in the departments of architecture in the faculties of engineering under study (Engineering Alexandria - Cairo University - Fine Arts Cairo - Fine Arts Alexandria - Assiut Engineering) And some of the existing architectural problems (identity - transfer of technology - non-official housing), which is one of the most problems experienced by Egyptian architecture to find out how to benefit from these researches and reflect their recommendations to solve the problems of Egyptian architecture
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18907_8743fde2c01261df24e7518080aaa619.pdf
2018-10-01
1439
1451
10.21608/auej.2018.18907
Architectural Scientific Research
Architectural problems
Contemporary Egyptian Architecture
رانيا
عزت قرطام
1
الهندسة المعمارية - کلية الهندسة- جامعة المنوفية
AUTHOR
محمد
محمد غريب
2
المعهد العالي للهندسة المعمارية- کفر الشيخ
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
استدامة المبانى الذاکية دور تطبيقات مبادئ الاستدامه للوصول الى التوازن بين التکنولوجيا والبيئه
The increase in the boom of industrial development, the boom in technological development and the increase of environmental pollutants was the trend of inviting a friend to the environment, with the technological development and the emergence of modern technologies, the integration of AI and information technology in the building sciences began. The smart building emerged as a result of this integration and attention to it, the establishment of technologically intelligent buildings and the lack of environmental aspects The aim was to integrate the systems and materials and the smart cover with the environmental factors, to reduce harmful emissions and consumption of energy, to keep pace with the development in this direction, To reach the balance between technology and environment in sustainable smart buildings.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18910_36f64cd67e05c6cf64383d44212f8792.pdf
2018-10-01
1423
1438
10.21608/auej.2018.18910
(المبانى الذکيه –الانظمه الذکيه – المواد الذکيه – الغلاف الذکى –الاستدامه)
إسلام
الشافعى
1
قسم العمارة ، جامعة 6 اکتوبر
AUTHOR
هينار
احمد خليفة
2
قسم العمارة ، جامعة 6 اکتوبر
AUTHOR
هشام
حسين
3
قسم العمارة، جامعة القاهرة
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ARCHITECTURE IN CROWD FARMS: RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN AND ENERGY
The energy problems today combine these issues: much of the world's population has too little energy to meet basic human needs; the monetary costs of energy are rising nearly everywhere; the environmental impacts of energy supply are growing and already dominant contributors to global environmental problems. Confront with global energy problems will require greatly increased investment in improving the efficiency of energy end use and in reducing the environmental impacts of contemporary energy technologies. It will require financing a transition over the next several decades to a set of more sustainable and renewable energy sources. Truth be told, we can see that everyone considers the human is the main reason for many problems, especially which related to energy and environment. In the following paragraph, I’ll point out the importance of Life Energy as a solution to energy problems. In streets, malls, buildings, clubs, gym, also at homes. Only by considering the human isn’t a reason of wasting energy but is a resource of generating power, from his movement, heat, playing, breathe, from his life as a clean, sustainable and renewable energy resource. The denial that the energy generated from the human body in power plants seems to me to constitute a fundamental misunderstanding about the real human role in the life and society. Human generating power, Start using the thermal and kinetic energy of people in a lot of buildings. To recapitulate, what we have here is an exposition of how we can deal with crowded farms in Egypt as a human power plant to generate life energy. The intriguing ideas expressed here open the door to questions about how we can use the population in solving our problems, can we consider life energy a new renewable source of energy, what is the efficiency of energy generated from the human.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18913_71dc60ce67a62c8521bc03619dc68280.pdf
2018-10-01
1346
1358
10.21608/auej.2018.18913
Crowd Farm
Human Power Plant
Life Energy Architecture
Human Generator
Humanitarian Architecture
Archuman
Allaa
EL-Eshy
1
Architecture- Dep. Faculty of Engineering, Mansura University
AUTHOR
Ahmed
El-Maadawy
2
Architecture- Dep. Faculty of Engineering, Mansura University
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Mohamed Abdalla
3
Architecture- Dep Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technolo gy In Mansura
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
الصيانة وإعادة استخدام المباني التراثية في القاهرة التاريخية
Egypt is one of the richest countries with monuments and historical sites that hold architectural and cultural value, connect the society with its roots, attract tourists and cultural visitors, and generate national income. Beginning in the early 20th century of Pharaonic monuments and then of Islamic monuments, a movement started in Egypt to conserve historical sites, many buildings were preserved to ensure their survival and protect them from neglect and degradation.
The axis of this movement was the Historic Cairo that was founded in the 10
th
century and is one of the world's oldest Islamic cities. The city has many Islamic antiquities and historical buildings, it was listed as a world heritage site in 1979 but only in 2010, the Egyptian official bodies in collaboration with the UNESCO have launched the Urban Regeneration Project for Historic Cairo (URHC). The third phase of this project has recently been launched with the aim of successful urban renewal and community development.
Before URHC several Experimental projects took place for preservation, restoration, and urban regeneration. After restoration some buildings were reused, the successful adaptive reuse of these historical buildings is one of the key factors for the success of any urban renewal project as it employs the buildings within their urban fabric and local communities, and revive them to produce cultural, economic and historical values.
This paper focuses on the concepts of conservation and adaptive reuse, it analyzes and evaluates selected historical buildings located in historical Cairo that are reused in cultural and economic activities. It also sheds the light on the problems and dangers that threaten these buildings. The paper ends with conclusion and recommendations.
Keywords: Conservation, Adaptive Reuse, Historical Cairo
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18914_b8bab41fd97785ec01131fe02e811734.pdf
2018-10-01
1403
1412
10.21608/auej.2018.18914
سارة
رضا
1
قسم الهندسة المعمارية - کليه الهندسة - جامعة 6 اکتوبر
AUTHOR
هينار
أحمد خليفه
2
قسم الهندسة المعمارية - کليه الهندسة - جامعة 6 اکتوبر
AUTHOR
دعاء
شحاته أبوالمجد
3
قسم العمارة –کليه فنون جميله-جامعه حلوان.
AUTHOR
محمد
سيف اليزل
4
قسم العمارة –کليه فنون جميله-جامعه حلوان.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
أثر العوازل الحرارية في الحوائط على الأداء الحراري للمباني في مدينة الرياض
This applied study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of several thermal insulators on the thermal performance of buildings in the city of Riyadh in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Typical models equipped with different types of thermal insulators in their walls were used in this study. The experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the College of Architecture and Planning on King Saud University Campus in Riyadh. The study aims to know the effect of a number of modern artificial insulation materials commonly used in the insulation of buildings in the Kingdom as well as some natural materials available at construction sites on the thermal performance of buildings. The study used a number of thermal insulators manufactured and commonly used in the city of Riyadh, such as glass wool, perlite and polystyrene. A number of cheap natural materials well known in the traditional architecture of their good thermal properties and available on most construction sites or near them such as mud, sand and mixture of these two materials were also examined. The experiment was conducted in the winter season and the summer season of the same year, where readings were taken for the months of December and August to represent the two seasons respectively. Readings of indoor air temperatures were collected and analyzed and presented. The results of the study concluded that the use of a mixture of sand and mud is effective when used in the insulation of the external double walls. It was also revealed that the rest of the artificial and natural insulation materials used in the experiment were very close in their performance. The study concludes with some appropriate architectural recommendations for the possibility of using the mixture of soil and sand to achieve acceptable thermal insulation as well as economical benefits for buildings in the city of Riyadh and similar areas of the desert climates.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18917_ce1d801be0b689f2987c1f1ba2c185b9.pdf
2018-10-01
1529
1542
10.21608/auej.2018.18917
منصور
الجديد
1
قسم العمارة وعلوم البناء، کلية العمارة والتخطيط، جامعة الملک سعود، الرياض، المملکة العربية السعودية
AUTHOR
ناصر
الحمدي
2
قسم العمارة وعلوم البناء، کلية العمارة والتخطيط، جامعة الملک سعود، الرياض، المملکة العربية السعودية
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF WALL ASPECT RATIO ON SEISMIC RESPONSE OF NARROW MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALLS
Increasing population and expanding urban development in limited spaces involves construction of Narrow Mechanically Stabilized Earth (NMSE) walls having an aspect ratio (ratio of reinforcement length, L, to wall height, H) below 0.70. When constructed in seismically active zones, these walls are subject to seismic ground motions. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of small scale shaking table tests on NMSE walls with rigid facing. A series of reduced scale (1/8 of the prototype model) shaking table tests are performed on a 1-dimensional shaking table. The modeled walls have aspect ratio (L/H) of 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40. The model is shacked using ramped sinusoidal base accelerations with incrementally increasing displacement amplitude (i.e. actuator stroke) and constant frequencies to generate an equivalent base acceleration ranging from 0.05 g to 0.70 g or until failure occurs. Ground motion frequency of 2.5 Hz is used. The results show that at input accelerations ranging from 0.25g to 0.45g yielding occurs and the NMSE walls behaves as a rigid body. Subsequently, excessive deformations occur due to the pull out of the top reinforcement layers. An amplification factor of 2.50 times the input ground motion is measured at the surface of the NMSE models. Furthermore, the average design acceleration for the model walls ranges from 1.02 to 1.35 of the input base acceleration.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18923_41a31c998b87f1f47b86d777eb5b7c0f.pdf
2018-10-01
1220
1228
10.21608/auej.2018.18923
Shaking Table
NMSE Walls
Rigid Face
reinforcement
aspect ratio
Amplification Factor)
Ahmed
Rabei
1
Cairo University and Teaching Assistant, Scientific Research Developing Unit, Beni Suef University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rami
El-Sherbiny
2
Public Works Department, Cairo University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Omar
Ezzeldine
3
Public Works Department, Cairo University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Amer
4
Public Works Department, Cairo University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON NARROW MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALLS
Recently, the construction of Narrow Mechanically Stabilized Earth (NMSE) Walls of aspect ratio (ratio of reinforcement length, L, to wall height, H) below 0.7 is needed in developing urban areas. NMSE walls are subjected to seismic ground excitation when constructed in active seismically areas. This investigation focuses on the behavior of rigid NMSE walls based on reduced-scale shaking table tests. This involves performing three small 1-dimensional shaking table tests, 1/8 of the prototype model. The models are excited using stepped amplitude sinusoidal base accelerations with incrementally increasing displacement amplitude and constant frequencies to generate an equivalent base acceleration ranging from 0.05g to 0.7g or until failure. The models have an aspect ratio, L/H, 0.4 and the ground motions predominant frequencies are assumed to be 1, 2.5 and 5 Hz. The results show shat increasing the predominant frequency from 1 to 5 Hz reduces the critical accelerations from 0.4g to 0.2g, respectively. Also, the results show that the critical acceleration is highly sensitive to the input motion predominant frequency. Consequently, the maximum design acceleration proposed by pseudo-static design method (0.3g) isn’t agreement with this study.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18926_7b495c529bf668d5d315b40392745f44.pdf
2018-10-01
1230
1239
10.21608/auej.2018.18926
Shaking Table
NMSE Walls
Rigid Face
frequency
Amplification Factor
Ahmed
Rabei
1
Cairo University and Teaching Assistant, Scientific Research Developing Unit, Beni Suef University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rami
El-Sherbiny
2
Public Works Department, Cairo University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Omar
Ezzeldine
3
Public Works Department, Cairo University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Amer
4
Public Works Department, Cairo University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF JOINT DETAILS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF RC BEAM COLUMN CONNECTIONS SUBJECTED TO REVERSED CYCLIC LOADING
This study summarizes the test results of six half scale reinforced concrete beam-column connections subjected to reverse cyclic loading up to failure. The main parameter among the tests specimens was the joint shear reinforcement details. Five specimens included different joint shear reinforcement details and one without any shear reinforcement. The reinforcement details included U-shaped stirrups, joint crossbars, and closed stirrups. Test results indicated superior behavior for specimens with closed stirrups over other joint reinforcement details.
In addition, the accuracy of some mechanical models against tests results was assessed. Two models provided accurate joint shear strength predictions while other models either over or underestimated the capacity of the connections. Vollum model accurately predicted shear strength of the joint without shear reinforcement. Tran model accurately predicted the ultimate joint shear strength of the joints with closed stirrups. All models overestimated the shear strength of joints with U-shaped stirrups.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18928_d36ca3fa850dacc3d1f0a1630b9c282f.pdf
2018-11-13
1392
1403
10.21608/auej.2018.18928
Beam-Column Connections
Shear Strength
Cyclic loading
Joint Details
Experimental Results
Mechanical Models
Ahmed
Mahmoud
1
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOUNDATION SUBJECTED TO DYNAMIC LOADS AND RESTED ON SAND SOIL
Studying of foundation behaviour under different loading cases is one the most important topics that has occupied a great deal of interest. Foundation closely correlated with factors and surrounding conditions such as type of active load and type of soil bearing foundation. Non-static load (dynamic) is one of the most dangerous types of loads that affect the foundations such as earthquakes, which in turn depends heavily on the weight of the building, which depend on the number of floors, as well as the type of soil bearing foundations. To study the effect of variable load on the foundations, a model of two different types of foundations was presented (Raft – Raft with inverted beam) and exposed to El_centro earthquake with constant soil type and changing the number of floors (5, 10 and 15). From analysis results, it showed that:-
1- Raft and raft with inverted beam have almost equal stresses and deformations.
2- Raft with inverted beam is better in resisting H.Z displacement resulting of dynamic loads than raft.
3- Raft with inverted beam improved results although it is equal to 70 % of raft inertia, so that it is better to use it with dynamic loads.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18931_375c75fa4be1666505d8ba46d1d3fbda.pdf
2018-10-01
1380
1390
10.21608/auej.2018.18931
Raft
Inverted Beam
(PGA) Peak Ground Acceleration
FE (Finite Element)
Kotb
A
1
Faculty of Engineering, Al – Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Elbatal
A
2
Faculty of Engineering, Al – Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abo-Alanwar
M
3
Faculty of Engineering, Al – Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Zamel
A
4
Civil Engineer, National Organization for Potable Water & Sanitary Drainage Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ENHANCEMENT MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING OF PV SYSTEMS USING DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS
In the last decades, the use of renewable energy resources instead of fossil fuels pollution has increased exponentially to overcome the rapid growth of energy demand. This paper, presents a Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and Incremental conductance technique for extracting the maximum power from a stand-alone PV for use in pumping system. The PV system comprises a solar panel, DC-DC boost converter, MPPT and permanent DC motor driving a Centrifugal pump. Results are accomplished by modelling and simulating the complete MPPT with PV pumping system using MATLAB/Simulink .MPPT algorithms performance is measured to confirm its significantly improved power extraction performance under different sunlight condition.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18934_885eebe311584e7fcb1ecd4ad93206df.pdf
2018-10-01
1290
1299
10.21608/auej.2018.18934
Photovoltaic array
Boost converter
Maximum Power Point Tracking
Perturb and Observe algorithm
Incremental conductance Technique
Photovoltaic water pumping system
Yasmin
Gharib
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, British university in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Wagdy
Anis
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
M
AbdelRahim
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt2
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF BOTH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE ON THE EARTHING RESISTANCE
Augmenting the electrical systems reliability can be accomplished by earthing every stage of electricity generation, transmission and utilization. An accurate grounding system resistance calculations recommend to consider the relevant realistic effective parameters. This paper demonstrates the effect of these parameters such as soil types, soil moisture status in terms of the ambient temperature and finally the earthing electrode types and dimensions. This study comprises the common soil moisture statues such as frosty, cool, wetted, liquid, worm or dries for each of boggy, clay, sandy, silty, peaty, chalky, loamy soils. Moisture proportion varies in these soil types that could lead to diversity of soil resistivity.Full description of earthing resistance profile in case of the different soil types, different environmental conditions as well as different electrode types will be presented. Individual MATLAB files for the different electrodes types will be developed. This work extends the soil moisture states and their effects throughout the whole earthing calculations. The system point by point results are in successfully agreements with the corresponding ETAP results.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18935_46c884bd1b26378adeeba403b20ee6e2.pdf
2018-10-01
1300
1310
10.21608/auej.2018.18935
Earthing system
Electrodes
moisture
touch
step voltages
and fault cur rent
Manal
Awad
1
B.Sc. Graduated
AUTHOR
El-Sayed
Said
2
Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF SIC CONTENT ON DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR OF NANOSIZED SIC(P)/CU COMPOSITES
In this study, the wear behavior of nano Cu and SiC(p)/Cu composites powders with different weight percentages of SiC particles was investigated under pin on disc equipment at 8–20 N load and 0.83-3.25 sliding speed. The composites were produced via powder metallurgy (PM) route. The results revealed that the wear resistance of SiC(p)/Cu composites increased with increasing SiC content to 20 vol %. Beyond this value the wear resistance decreased but still more than the unreinforced sample. Moreover, the investigation on worn surfaces was done to understand wear mechanism.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18937_41a5ff2976825e2326d2d0c3e2aaff73.pdf
2018-11-13
1260
1267
10.21608/auej.2018.18937
Cu alloys
Composite materials
Sic
Wear
Worn
M
Metwally
1
Egyption Natual Gas Company ( GASCO)
AUTHOR
H
A.Fattah
2
Mining and Pet. Dept, Faculty of Engineering, , Al-Azhar University
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Ghanem
3
Industrial Education, Suez University, Egypt
AUTHOR
I
Batanony
4
Mech.Eng.Dept.Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ONLINE SIGNATURE RECOGNITION AND VERIFICATION USING (SURF) ALGORITHM WITH SVM KERNELS
One important way to identify the signer is the personal signature. The operation of recognize the signature and identify it, is very important. This process may be done either offline or online.
This paper explains the online technique. Features extraction, pattern matching and Images processing are techniques used for signature confirmation. Speed up robust features (SURF) is an algorithm that uses the image of local feature with ability for matching images. SURF recognizes, describes and extracts the local feature of forged signature from the image.
SURF algorithm provides fast and accurate comparison tool that can work under different lights, visions and rotation situations to check if the person signature is original or forged. The features extracted from the SURF algorithm are entered into Bag-of-word features. The features of bag-of-word are used inside multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifies. SURF with SVM kernels gives an accuracy of 98.75%.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18939_8b1d9f6c6f86b347fcda7572df575e13.pdf
2018-10-01
1332
1344
10.21608/auej.2018.18939
SURF
SVM
Feature Extraction
Ali
Ibrahim Hamadly
1
Computer and Systems Engineering, Department Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Hossam Eldin
Abdel Munim
2
Computer and Systems Engineering, Department Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Hoda
Mohamed
3
Computer and Systems Engineering, Department Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
REVIEW ON ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS
This review concentrates deeply on the recent studies performed on the phase change materials (PCMs) in order to enhance their performance. Most of these enhancing techniques fall in the following areas of interest (i) Development of new PCMs with promising thermo-physical properties. The researches recommend some promising substances to be used as a PCM such as pure inorganic salts (low cost chlorides, nitrates and carbonates), salt eutectics (KNO3–LiNO3 and KNO3–NaNO3–LiNO3), liquid metals (Gallium), esters, nanofluids (Al2O3/water, CuO/water and alumina-water), and polyols (sugar alcohol like polyethelene glycol, erythritol and xylitol). (ii) Introducing of composite mixtures to exaggerate the benefits of used materials. Composites could be obtained by mixing PCMs like fatty acid esters with building materials like concrete pavements, cement
or gypsum or with isolating materials like perlite to keep satisfying room temperature for long time. PCMs could be mixed or be used in cascaded configuration layered and ordered according to their melting temperature. Good conducting materials like graphite and aluminum were introduced to be mixed with PCMs to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCM. Stable materials like Diatomite and silica were introduced to enhance the stability of the PCM to retain its properties for a lot of melting/freezing cycles. Also, nano particles of TiO2, ZnO, CuO, and Silver-Titania, are added to generally enhance the PCM thermo-physical properties. (iii) Configuration of PCM container to achieve higher heat transfer rates by changing the aspect ratio or by adding fins. The studies focused on adding internal fins, external fins, and increasing the aspect ratio of the PCM vertical container to induce natural convection. Experiments advise to focus on increasing the number and height of fins more than focusing of fins thickness. (iv) Encapsulation technology of PCM to provide the largest heat transfer surface and avoid leakage when in liquid state as well as allowing larger surface area for heat transfer and protection in handling hazardous materials. It was observed that the core-to-coating ratio plays an important role in deciding the thermal and structural stability of the encapsulated PCM. An increased core-to-coating ratio results in a weak encapsulation, whereas, the amount of PCM and hence the heat storage capacity decreases with a decreased core-to-coating ratio. Among all the microencapsulation methods, the most common methods described in the literature for the production of microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) are interfacial polymerization, suspension polymerization, coacervation, emulsion polymerization, and spray drying.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18940_af69f7fc95a5d439b170e44cefd01623.pdf
2018-10-01
1240
1258
10.21608/auej.2018.18940
Mostafa
Ghonamy
1
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams university
AUTHOR
Ehab
Mouris
2
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams university
AUTHOR
A
Abdul Aziz
3
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams university
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
FLOW MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF ROTARY SLIDING VANE PUMP USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
A pump is a mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The aim of the current work is to examine the behavior of fluid flow inside a rotary sliding vane pump and assessing the performance by studying the effect of change of the rotational speed, number of vanes and the radial clearance gap size between vane tips and stator surface on the performance of the pump. The commercial finite-volume solver ANSYS Fluent was used to simulate flow behavior in the pump with an additional C source code for the description of the dynamic mesh motion. Pump flow has been studied using lubricating oil, 5W-30, as the working fluid. Several computational configurations were used for the numerical simulation. The numerical results showed that 100% increase of the number vanes decreases the overall efficiency by 46.5%, while increasing the clearance gap size from 0.025 to 0.05 decreases the overall efficiency by 9.72%, and results in a 42.85% increase in the internal leakage within the pump.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18942_4e074deddf0922f2ad2cac9b8bf78e2f.pdf
2018-11-13
1268
1288
10.21608/auej.2018.18942
CFD
Turbomachines
Positive-displacement
sliding
vane pump
Mohammed
Ammar
1
Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University, Cairo , Egypt
AUTHOR
Nabil
Mahmoud
2
Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University, Cairo , Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
El-Baz
3
Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University, Cairo , Egypt
AUTHOR
Ashraf
Hamed
4
Mechanical Power Eng. Dept. Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University, Cairo , Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
X-RAY ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINATION THE CRYSTALLITE SIZE AND LATTICE STRAIN IN ZnO NANOPARTICLES
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by modified hydrothermal method at 160oC under different reaction times. The analysis of the XRD pattern lines is considered a simple and effective method in estimating the crystallite size and the corresponding lattice strain. X-ray patterns were analyzed using Scherrer method and Williamson–Hall treatment to determine the crystallite size and the lattice strain. The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with average crystallite size in the range 30 –36 nm with different reaction times. ZnO nanoparticles were also characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy and thermal analysis.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18943_870b957c1f5690bdc650d1bb8f0bc416.pdf
2018-10-01
1312
1320
10.21608/auej.2018.18943
ZnO nanoparticles
X-Ray Peak Analysis
Lattice Strain
Williamson–Hall Treatment
H
Wasly
1
Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
EFFECT OF STRONTIUM CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HYPO AND HYPER AL-SI CAST ALLOYS
Al-Si alloys are the most important aluminium cast alloys because of their superior casting properties such as good castability, low specific gravity, low viscosity and high resistance to wear and corrosion. The effect of strontium (Sr) addition -as a modifier- on the microstructure, hardness and tensile strength properties of the Al-Si alloys at different silicon contents (3.4, 6.7, 9.3, 12.4, and 13.4 %) was investigated. Sr content in these groups ranged between 0.086 to 0.181 %. The nanohardnesss and maximum displacement for Al-Si alloys with different percentages of silicon (6.65, 9.14, 12.23 and 13.5 % respectively) at constant Sr (0.02%) were introduced and strain hardening was detected. The results indicated that the addition of Sr to Al-Si alloy modified the Al-Si morphology from large plates or needle-like silicon structure to fine-scale fibrous silicon structure and hence improved the tensile strength and hardness. The values of hardness and tensile strength of Al- 13-14 Si % were increased from 64.5 to 72 BHN and from 154.8 to 172.4 MPa respectively with increasing the percentage of Sr from 0.086 to 0.17 %. The hardness percentage in nanoindentation measurements was increased by about 26%, while the maximum displacement was decreased from about 7400 nm to about 4930 nm when the Si % increasing from 6.65 to 13.5 %.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18944_a2f4b886abba3341663ff331f65ed787.pdf
2018-10-01
1322
1331
10.21608/auej.2018.18944
Al-Si cast alloy
modification
Mechanical Properties
Si-morphology
Nanoindentation
Contour maps
A
Omran
1
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Ali
2
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Moatasem
Kh
3
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Ezzeldien
4
Metallurgy and material science test lab (MMST), physics department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
دور الطاقات المتجددة في تنمية المناطق الجبلية واستدامتها في مصر
تعاني مصر من ترکز اعمال التنمية والنمو في مساحات محددة لا تتجاوز10 % من مساحتها الکلية، وتم صياغة البحث بهدف تنمية المناطق الجبلية؛ التي تعتبر احد اهم المناطق التي لم ترتسم بها أي ملامح للتنمية من قبل، ويعتبر النشاط السياحي هو احد الأنشطة التي تتناسب مع ظروف تلک المناطق، ومن ثم استخدام الطاقة المتجددة کألية في تنميتها لتحقيق الاستدامة المنشودة في اعمال التنمية المختلفة. في ضوء ذلک الهدف تم في البداية التعرف على أهمية الجبال ومرودها الاقتصادي، تم الوقوف على البيئات الجبلية المختلفة في مصر؛ وذلک من اجل وضع مقترح استراتيجي لتنمية تلک المناطق بشکل مرجعي. تم التعرف ايضا على مفهوم الاستدامة السياحية واشکالها المختلفة المرتبطة بهذا المفهوم سواء کانت )سياحة بيئية او خضراء او تضامنية او مسؤولة او منصفة او ثقافية( ،بالإضافة الى التعرف على اهم اعتبارات الاستدامة، تم الوقوف على الطاقات المتجددة ومواردها واهم مميزاتها ومواردها المختلفة التي تتمثل في کل من الطاقة الشمسية -طاقة الرياح- الطاقة الکهرومائية -طاقة الکتلة الحيوية؛ وبالتالي تم دراسة استخدامات الطاقات المتجددة في تحقيق استدامة السياحة.
هذا وقد تم دراسة اهم موارد الطاقة المتجددة في مصر ، والتوجهات والتطلعات المستقبلية لاستغلال الطاقة المتجددة بمصر، ومعوقات استخدام الطاقة المتجددة بمصر، وأهم الإجراءات والسياسات التشجيعية لاستخدام الطاقة المتجددة وتفعيل دور القطاعين العام والخاص في دعم استخدام الطاقة المتجددة في السياحة.
في الأخير تم وضع تصور لاهم ملامح استراتيجية تنمية المناطق الجبلية في ضوء استغلال الطاقات المتجددة وفقا لتنوع البيئات المختلفة للمناطق الجبلية التي ذکرت في صدر البحث.
وقد خلص البحث الى عدة نتائج؛ أهمها: لم يعد الاستثمار في الطاقة المتجددة عالميا رفاهية أو ترفا، بل أصبح حاجة لابد منها اقتصاديا وبيئيا؛ ان مصر تزخر بمواقع جبلية متنوعة بيئيا وأثريا، وغنية جداً بموارد الطاقة المتجددة، وأهمها الطاقة المائية والطاقة الشمسية وطاقة الرياح.
مقدمة:
تشغل الجبال مساحة کبيرة من اليابسة، ويعتمد نصف سکان العالم على مواردها، کما يعيش فيها ملايين الاشخاص؛ ولقد تعلّم سکان الجبال على مر القرون کيفية العيش في البيئة الجبلية القاسية، حيث قاموا بتطويعها واستخدام کافة السبل للتعايش.
تعود أصول السياحة الجبلية أو سياحة المناظر الطبيعية إلى القرن التاسع عشر مع اکتشاف الجبل کمکان للاسترخاء وممارسة مختلف الرياضات الجبلية. حيث قال جون ميور*منذ أکثر من قرن ان للجبال قدرة على تحريک مشاعر الانسان؛ فالجبال المهيبة تولّد الرهبة في نفوسنا، وتسحرنا بتنوع الحيوانات التي تعيش في ارجائها، وتريحنا بسکونها. لذلک يقصد ملايين الاشخاص کل سنة المناطق الجبلية ينشدون فيها انتعاشا لنفوسهم ومتعة لأنظارهم. عرف هذا النوع السياحي بأوربا وذلک مع بداية إنشاء المنتجعات السياحية الجماعية في المملکة المتحدة مثل منتجعات “ساوثند” و”مارجيت”. کما برز الاهتمام بالمناظر الطبيعية کوجهه اساسية للسياحة، فأصبحت مناطق مثل جبال اسکتلندا وجبال الألب السويسرية أماکن سياحية مهمة في أوروبا.
هذا ويتطلب الامر استخدام بدائل للطاقة التقليدية في تنمية المناطق الجبلية؛ إذ ربما يصعب توصيلها الى تلک المناطق، وکذلک من أجل الحفاظ على بيئة الجبال، حيث ان هناک ارتباط وثيق بين السياحة والبيئة، والذي من شانه تحقيق الاستدامة المنشودة من خلال استخدام الطاقة المتجددة بکافة مواردها المتنوعة. وهنالک تقدم ملموس في هذا المجال في کثير من دول العالم، التي باتت عندها عملية توفير بدائل للطاقة التقليدية امر حتمي. وفي مصر أصبح الامر في حاجة ماسة الى استغلال موارد الطاقات المتجددة التي تزخر بها وتفعيل تلک الطاقات في شتى مجالات التنمية وخاصة التي لها علاقة مباشرة بالبيئة الطبيعة مثل المناطق الجبلية للحفاظ عليها من التلوث وضمان بقاؤها للأجيال القادمة.
https://jaes.journals.ekb.eg/article_18945_c450e16338d41a7685cd4f34c72c9c9d.pdf
2018-10-01
1543
1562
10.21608/auej.2018.18945
محمود
احمد محمد
1
قسم التخطيط العمراني- کلية الهندسة –جامعة الأزهر
AUTHOR